Starting to feel the cold? It’s been a (relatively) mild winter so far, but Ishikawa snow and storms can last through March. Brace yourselves–winter’s still here. Staying Warm Kerosene Heaters: and Staying Healthy and Happy Lifehacker on from the CDC Life Outside the Kotatsu Driving in Winter in Japan: common sense articles from and (Japanese) Hakusan Snowman Festival, Feb. 8th t0 10th, 2013. If you contact the Hakusan International Association by January 31st, you can reserve a spot on a special tour bus for foreign residents and visitors. The cost of the bus tour is 1,000 yen.

See the Flyer for details. If you look at any of the posts about dealing with the winters in Ishikawa, you’ve probably noticed that kerosene heaters get a lot of recommendations. And then you probably thought, “How the hell do I use one of those [without accidentally killing myself]?” I have to admit that, while I’m not new to living in regions with bitter winters, I am new at this whole “no-insulation, no-central air” thing. However, I think if we can get the comments rolling on this post, especially from you old hands, we could make a nice little English-language guide for using kerosene heaters. Click here for a basic guide on buying and using your kerosene heater.

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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. 61/316,569, filed Mar. 23, 2010, incorporated by reference herein. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to various improvements to the methods and apparatus disclosed in U.S.

Patent Publication Nos. 20 and 20, and other similar laser treatment methods and apparatus involving monitoring of the treatment site for conditions such as overheating. The improvements include: • a. Addition of a variable time delay control to allow a surgeon to delay interruption of laser firing upon detection of overheating; • b. Addition of a detector sensitivity control for changing a sensitivity of the detector. The invention may take the form of a hand held controller with an LCD or equivalent display and buttons or other inputs for setting the power output of the laser, the time delay, numerical aperture of the laser, and the sensitivity of the feedback detector.

The above listed improvements may be used separately or in any combination with each other or with any elements of the system disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 20 and 20, or in combination with other surgical laser methods and systems, including those described in U.S.

Patent Publication Nos. 20 and 20 as prior or related art.

The methods and apparatus of the invention may be used with a variety of surgical laser procedures, including vascular surgery, liposuction, and applications involving gastroenterology, oncology, and urology. Description of Related Art A number of copending patent applications, prior patents, and prior publications, address the problem of detecting and preventing damage due to overheating of tissues and/or instruments/devices used to deliver laser energy to tissues during laser surgery or therapeutic laser procedures. For example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 20 (based on U.S.

Patent application Ser. 12/047,819) discloses a safety feedback control unit in which radiation resulting from overheating at the location of the surgery is detected and used to control fiber position, laser activation, or rate of pullback. Patent Publication No. 20 (based on U.S.

Patent application Ser. 12/073,922) discloses a radiation feedback system in which a sensor at the treatment end of the fiber monitors wavelengths indicative of temperature at the treatment end so that overheating of tissues can be detected before the flash of light from pyrolytic burning occurs, and monitoring of the output of the laser by downstream deflection, absorption, or fiber movement in response to overheating detection. In addition, various improvements on these safety or feedback systems are disclosed in PCT Publication PCT/US2009/006021. Each of these publications is incorporated herein by reference, and many the principles disclosed in U.S.

Patent Publication Nos. 20 and 20, and PCT Publication No.

PCT/US2009/006021, have been implemented in the LaserGuard™ system made by Optical Integrity, Inc. Of Panama City, Fla. The present invention is in response to various discoveries made by the inventor concerning the specific causes of damage and injury that occur during laser surgery. Conventionally, it was believed that damage caused by overheating during surgery was indicated by the pyrolytic glow that occurs during burning of tissues. As a result, various feedback systems were proposed to detect glowing of the tissues, and shut down of the laser upon detection of visible light from the glowing tissue. An example of such as system is disclosed in U.S.

5,098,427 (Hessel), owned by Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm GmbH (MBB). However, the inventor has discovered that glowing of tissues by itself does not necessarily indicate that damage or injury will occur.

Instead, in many applications, the primary cause of fiber damage and resulting injury to the patient, namely fiber fusing or free electron absorption (FEA), normally occurs only when the fiber tip contacts the tissue during operation of the laser, which causes an increase in the temperature at the fiber tip. When the temperature at the fiber tip exceeds 1000 C, fiber fusing or FEA occurs, creating temperatures higher than 5000 C, at which point fiber fusing or FEA results in damage to the fiber. There are several consequences of this discovery. First, it is not necessary to shut down the laser right away each time a glow is detected during surgery. Instead, it may be enough to simply move the tip of the laser away from the tissue and continue operating the laser, or to continue the procedure until the intensity of the glow or detected temperature exceeds a certain threshold. Second, the amount of energy that the laser can safely deliver to the patient without risk of injury may be higher than previously believed. These consequences suggest that certain laser procedures may be accomplished in a shorter time, without as many interruptions, thereby reducing discomfort to the patient.

On the other hand, higher laser power can mean greater pain, and thus for certain applications, it might be desired to try and reduce the amount of laser energy delivered to the patient. The present invention seeks to take into account the inventor's discoveries concerning the specific causes of fiber damage and injury during laser surgery. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly an objective of the invention to provide an improved surgical laser controller that takes into account the inventor's new discoveries concerning the causes of fiber damage and patient injury during laser surgery. This objective is accomplished by providing an improved controller that increases control by the surgeon of the surgical procedure, and in particular that permits the surgeon or user to institute a variable time delay in the interruption of laser firing, and also to set the sensitivity of the detector, thereby improving the ability of the surgeon to avoid unnecessary interruptions during surgery and shorten the length of the surgery without sacrificing patient safety. This objective is accomplished by providing a handheld controller that includes a display and user input to permit the user to set or change a time delay before firing of the laser is interrupted in response to feedback from an optical or temperature detector, and that furthermore permits the user to set the sensitivity of the detector. In addition, the handheld controller of the invention may include various features that enhance the ability of the user to manipulate the fiber tip in order to move the fiber away from a tissue before shut-down of the laser becomes necessary, including rotation and fiber position controls, laser modulation control, and a shaped fiber tip that enables precise control of laser output direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The sole FIGURE is a side view of a handheld controller constructed in accordance with the principles of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As illustrated in the FIGURE, a handheld controller 1 includes a display 2, which may be in the form of an LCD or similar display capable of displaying such surgical parameters as laser power, a time delay between detection of overheating and interruption of the laser, a detector sensitivity or threshold temperature at which overheating is indicated, and a numerical aperture of the laser. In addition, the controller 1 includes a means for triggering the laser, such as a squeeze trigger 3, and buttons, dials, or other input means 4 for setting the time interval before laser interruption and detector sensitivity, as well as other parameters including, optionally, laser power output (which may also be controlled by the trigger). The controller also includes its own diode laser 5, a power connection at one end 6, and a fitting 7, such as a luer fitting, at a second end 8 for connecting the fiber 9 to the controller while permitting rotation of the fiber as well as movement of the fiber into and out of the main controller body 10. Optionally, the fiber may be surrounded by reinforcement 12, at least in the portion near to the controller body 10, and may have a shaped tip 11 to cause light to be emitted in a preferred direction from the tip of the fiber. The tip may have a variety of shapes, including inverted cone (recessed tip), orb, round, cone, beveled, and cap, to create a solid or angular output. In addition, a blue halo aiming beam (with other colors available), and a small numerical aperture and spot size, using 100 micrometer to 500 micrometer core fibers.

The feedback system 14 included in the controller 1, may be any of the feedback systems disclosed in the above-cited publications or the LaserGuard™ system, or any other suitable feedback system. In addition to providing the surgeon with improved control of interruptions during surgery, it may be possible to carry out the surgery at lower power, thereby possibly reducing pain felt by the patient. This can be accomplished by switching to silica clad fiber, which will not burn back, and by keeping the power density consistent. This feature of the invention is the result of the inventor's research into the thermal consequences of using plastic clad fibers. In particular, the inventor has found that, in applications where the fiber tip is buried in tissue, the plastic clad can quickly burn off, exposing the silica core allowing contamination on sides to steal energy. The inventor has measured the power drop off as much 50% within first few seconds of laser activation into tissue. Furthermore, if the fiber is buried in tissue and fiber tip with coatings burned back, there is a probability the tip could break off.

When this occurs, the buffer, which now burns back but much slower, keeps temperature higher and readily imitates FEA. As a result, it may be preferred to switch back to a silca clad fiber which will not burn back and keep the power density consistent. As such, a given procedure could be performed at about half the power making the procedure safer and less painful for the patient. FEA could still occur, but at a much lower occurrence. Many surgical diode lasers put out as much 60-100 watts. But there are many cases where only 15 watts or less is required.

Considering the concept of using silica clad may lower the power to less than 10 watts, albeit at a higher cost and with a lower numerical aperture than with plastic clad fibers. Having thus described various preferred embodiments of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention, it will nevertheless be appreciated that numerous variations and modifications of the illustrated embodiment may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited by the above description or accompanying drawings, but that it be defined solely in accordance with the appended claims. Patent Citations Cited Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title Dec 26, 1973 Oct 14, 1975 Corning Glass Works Termination for fiber optic bundle Aug 4, 1975 Nov 29, 1977 Hughes Aircraft Company Angle selective coupler for optical fibers Aug 29, 1980 May 31, 1983 Yuzuru Doi Laser power transmitting optical fiber damage detecting device Mar 4, 1982 Oct 2, 1984 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

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