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Coimbatore Show map of India Location of Coimbatore in India Coordinates:: Country Government • Type • Body • vacant • Corporation Commissioner Dr K Vijay Karthikeyan • Commissioner of Police K. Periaiah Area • 246.75 km 2 (95.27 sq mi) • Metro 642.12 km 2 (247.92 sq mi) Area rank 2 Elevation 411 m (1,348 ft) Population (2011) • 1,601,438 • 2,136,916 • Metro rank Coimbatorean Languages • Official () 641XXX STD Code TN 37 (South), TN 38 (North), TN 66 (Central), TN 99 (West) Website Area Note 1: The pre-expansion area of city limits was 105.6 sq.km.

The 2010 expansion order added 12 local bodies and increased the total area to 265.36 sq.km. In 2011, three of the local bodies (16.64 sq.km), (9.27 sq.km) and (6.40 sq.km) were dropped from the expansion and (9.20 sq.km) and Chennavedampatti (4.5 sq.km) were added. The area post expansion is 246.75 sq.km. Population Note 1: The population as per official census 2011 calculated basis pre-expansion city limits was 1,050,721.

The population was 930,882 as per 2001 census. After the 2010 Government Order, the population became 1,262,122. After the changes mentioned in the previous note were made, the 2001 population figure was 1,250,446.

The 2011 census data for the urban agglomeration is available and has been provided. The population including the new city limits was provided by Government of India for the smart city challenge as 1,601,438. Coimbatore ( ), also known as Kovai ( pronounced ), is a major city in the of. It is located on the banks of the and surrounded by the. Coimbatore is the second largest city (by area and population) in the state (after ) and the 16th largest. It is administered by the and is the administrative capital of. It is one of the fastest growing and a major industrial hub in South India.

It is often referred to as the ' of ' due to its cotton production and textile industries. Coimbatore is also referred to as the 'Pump City' and it supplies nearly half of India's requirements of motors and pumps. The city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery,, poultry and; the ' and the ' are recognised as by the. Coimbatore was part of during the between c. 1st and the 4th centuries CE and was ruled by the as it served as the eastern entrance to the, the principal trade route between the west coast and Tamil Nadu.) Coimbatore was located along the ancient Roman trade route that extended from to in South India. The conquered the Kongu Nadu in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by in the 15th century followed by the who introduced the under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams.

In the later part of the 18th century, the Coimbatore region came under the and following the of in the, the annexed Coimbatore to the in 1799. The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second (1801) when it was the area of operations of. In 1804, Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed Coimbatore district and in 1866 it was accorded status with as its Chairman. November 24 is being observed as Coimbatore Day, say those familiar with the history of Coimbatore.

The city experienced a textile boom in the early 19th century due to the decline of the cotton industry in. Post independence, Coimbatore has seen rapid growth due to industrialisation. Coimbatore was ranked the best emerging city in India by in the 2014 annual Indian city survey.

The city was ranked fourth among Indian cities in investment climate by and 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons. Coimbatore has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a under flagship. Coimbatore was rated as the safest city in India for women according to report in 2015.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Etymology [ ] There are multiple theories regarding the origin of the name Coimbatore. According to one theory, 'Coimbatore' is a derivation of Kovanputhur (literally 'new town of Kovan'), after chieftain Kovan or Koyan, evolved into Koyambatoor and later anglicised as Coimbatore. Koyamma, the goddess worshiped by Koyan evolved into Koniamma and later Kovaiamma. Another theory states that the name could have been derived from Kovaiamma.

The Sugarcane Breeding Institute at Coimbatore, 1928 The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the during between c. 1st and the 4th centuries CE and it served as the eastern entrance to the, the principal trade route between the west coast and. The mentioned in the second century CE epic and other poems in is associated with the Coimbatore region. The region was located along an trade route that extended from to. The conquered the in the 10th century CE.

A Chola highway called Rajakesari Peruvazhi ran through the region. Much of Tamil Nadu came under the rule of the by the 15th century. In the 1550s,, who were the military governors of the Vijaynagara Empire, took control of the region. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom. They introduced the under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams. Aerial view of the city, circa 1930 In the latter part of the 18th century, the region came under the, following a series of wars with the. After the of in the, the annexed Coimbatore to the in 1799.

The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second (1801), when it was the area of operations of. In 1804, Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed Coimbatore district and in 1866 it was accorded status. Became the first Chairman of the. The region was hard hit during the resulting in nearly 200,000 famine related fatalities. The first three decades of the 20th century saw nearly 20,000 and acute water shortage.

The decline of the cotton industry in fuelled an economical boom in Coimbatore in the 1920s and 1930s. The region played a significant role in the with visiting the city thrice. Coimbatore was the base of operations for political figures such as,, C.S.

Rathinasabapathy and during the freedom movement. Post independence, Coimbatore has seen rapid growth due to industrialisation and in 1981, Coimbatore was constituted as a. On February 14, 1998, the radical group 11 places across the city killing 58 people and injuring more than 200. Geography [ ]. Along the Coimbatore-Palghat National Highway Coimbatore lies at in at 411 metres (1349 ft) above sea level on the banks of the, in southwestern Tamil Nadu.

It covers an area of 642.12 km 2 (247.92 sq mi). It is surrounded by the mountain range to the West and the North, with of the on the northern side. The Noyyal River forms the southern boundary of the city, which has an extensive tank system fed by the river and rainwater. The eight major tanks and areas of Coimbatore are namely,,,, Selvampathy, Narasampathi, Krishnampathi, Selvachinthamani, and Kumaraswami. Multiple streams drain the waste water from the city.

The city is divided into two distinctive geographic regions: the dry eastern side which includes majority of the urban area of the city and the western region which borders the, and ranges., a mountain pass which connects the neighbouring state of to Tamil Nadu, lies to the west of the city. Because of its location in the of the Western Ghats, it is rich in and. The Coimbatore urban wetlands harbours around 116 species of, of which 66 are resident, 17 are migratory and 33 are local migrants. The,,,,, and visit the Coimbatore wetlands on their migration. Apart from the species common to the plains, various threatened and endangered species such as,,,,,, and are found in the region. The northern part of the city has a rich tropical with commercially significant trees such as,, and. The soil is predominantly, which is suitable for cotton cultivation, but some is also found.

According to the, Coimbatore falls under the Class III/IV, having experienced an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 on the on February 8, 1900. Climate [ ] Coimbatore has a pleasant climate due to the presence of forests to the north and the cool winds blowing through the Palghat gap in the Western Ghats. Under the, the city has a, with the wet season lasting from October to December due to the. The mean maximum temperature ranges from 35.9 °C (97 °F) to 29.2 °C (85 °F) and the mean minimum temperature ranges from 24.5 °C (76 °F) to 19.8 °C (68 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded is 40.4 °C (105 °F) on May 5, 1983 while the lowest is 9.7 °C (49 °F) on January 8, 1912. Due to the south-west monsoon winds passing through the Palghat gap, elevated regions of the city receive rainfall in the months from June to August. After a warm and humid September, the north-east monsoon starts from October lasting until early November.

The average annual rainfall is around 700 mm (27.6 in) with the northeast and the southwest monsoons contributing to 47% and 28% respectively to the total rainfall. This periodic rainfall does not satisfy the water requirements of the city throughout the year and water supply schemes like Siruvani and Pilloor help to sustain the needs of the city during the non-monsoon months. Coimbatore has a population of 1,601,438. As per the based on pre-expansion city limits, Coimbatore had a population of 1,050,721 with a sex ratio of 997 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. It is the second largest city in the state after capital Chennai and the sixteenth largest urban agglomeration in India. A total of 102,069 were under the age of six, comprising 52,275 males and 49,794 females.The average literacy of the city was 82.43%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. There were a total of 425,115 workers, comprising 1,539 cultivators, 2,908 main agricultural labourers, 11,789 in house hold industries, 385,802 other workers, 23,077 marginal workers, 531 marginal cultivators, 500 marginal agricultural labourers, 1,169 marginal workers in household industries and 20,877 other marginal workers.

As per the, Coimbatore had a population of 930,882 within the municipal corporation limits. The population of the urban agglomeration as per 2011 census is 2,136,916 with males constituting 50.08% of the population and females 49.92%. Coimbatore has an average literacy rate of 89.23%, higher than the national average of 74.04%.

Male literacy is 93.17% and female literacy is 85.3% with 8.9% of the population under six years of age. The sex ratio was 964 females per 1000 males. In 2005, the crime rate in the city was 265.9 per 100,000 people, accounting for 1.2% of all crimes reported in major cities in India. It ranked 21st among 35 major cities in India in the incidence of crimes. In 2011, the population density in the city was 10,052 per km 2 (26,035 per mi 2). Around 8% of the city's population lives in slums.

Administration and politics [ ]. Main articles: and Administrative officials Title Name Ganapathy P. Rajkumar Deputy Mayor S. Leelavathiunni Commissioner Dr K Vijay Karthikeyan, IAS Police Commissioner K. Periaiah, IPS Coimbatore is a administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation and is the administrative headquarters of Coimbatore district] Coimbatore was established as the capital of Coimbatore district in 1804 and in 1866 it was accorded municipality status. In 1981, Coimbatore was elevated as a municipal corporation.

The city is divided into five administrative zones – East, West, North, South and Central, each further subdivided into 20 wards. Each ward is represented by a councillor who is elected by direct election and the is elected by Councillors. The executive wing of the corporation is headed by a Corporation Commissioner and maintains basic services like water supply, sewage and roads. The district itself is administered by the and the district court in Coimbatore is the highest court of appeal in the district. The is headed by a and there are 18 police stations in the city. Race Course Road, Coimbatore A large part of the Coimbatore urban agglomeration falls outside the Municipal corporation limits. These suburbs are governed by local bodies called Village Panchayats and.

Besides the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, the Coimbatore UA comprises the town panchayats of,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and, census towns of,, Malumichampatti, Selvapuram,,,, Somayampalayam, Muthugoundan Pudur, Arasur,, Neelambur and municipalities of, and. These local bodies are in turn split into wards each electing a councillor through direct election. The head of the local body known as president is elected by the councillors from among their number. Coimbatore elects ten members to the and one member to the. The five legislative assembly constituencies in the city are,,, and which form a part of the. Part of the urban agglomeration comes under the and constituencies.

In the held in 2014, candidate defeated of the in the Lok Sabha constituency. In the last legislative assembly election held in, the AIADMK led front won in all five assembly constituencies. Trade Center, Coimbatore A major hub for manufacturing, education and healthcare in Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore is among the fastest growing. It houses more than 25,000 small, medium and large industries with the primary industries being engineering and textiles. Coimbatore is called the ' of South India' due to its extensive textile industry, fed by the surrounding cotton fields.

In SEZ was the first (SEZ) set up in 2006. In 2010, Coimbatore ranked 15th in the list of most competitive (by business environment) cities. Coimbatore also has a 160,000 square feet (15,000 m 2) trade fair ground, built in 1999 and is owned. Coimbatore region experienced a textile boom in the 1920s and 1930s. Though, Robert Stanes had established Coimbatore's first textile mills as early as the late 19th century, it was during this period that Coimbatore emerged as a prominent industrial centre. Coimbatore is home to more than 17% of the fibre textile mills in India.

Coimbatore has trade associations such as CODISSIA, COINDIA and COJEWEL representing the industries in the city. Coimbatore houses a number of textile mills and is the base of textile research institutes like the, (CICR) and the (SITRA). Saree is a recognised. Coimbatore is the second largest producer of software in the state, next to capital Chennai. And other parks in the city has aided in the growth of and industries in the city. It is ranked at 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons. Software exports stood at ₹7.1 billion (US$110 million) for the financial year 2009–10 up 90% from the previous year.

Coimbatore has a large and diversified manufacturing sector and a number of engineering colleges producing about 50,000 engineers annually. Coimbatore is a major centre for the manufacture of automotive components in India with car manufacturers and sourcing up to 30%, of their automotive components from the city. Developed India's first indigenous motor in 1937. India's first indigenously developed diesel engine for cars was manufactured in the city in 1972.

The city is also a major centre for small auto component makers catering to the automobile industry, from personal to commercial and farm vehicles. The city contributes to about 75% of the 1 lakh total monthly output of wet grinders in India. The industry employs 70,000 people and had a yearly turnover of ₹2,800 crore (US$440 million) in 2015. The term ' has been given a. Coimbatore is also referred to as 'the Pump City' as it supplies nearly 50% of India's requirements of motors and pumps.

The city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery renowned for diamond cutting, cast and machine made jewellery. There are about 3,000 jewellery manufacturers employing over 40,000 goldsmiths. Coimbatore has a large number of poultry farms and is a major producer of chicken eggs.

The city contributes to nearly 95% of processed chicken meat exports. Coimbatore has some of the country's oldest flour mills and these mills which cater to all the southern states, have a combined grinding capacity of more than 50,000 MT per month. The hospitality industry has seen a growth in the 21st century with new upscale hotels being set up. Coimbatore is the largest non-metro city for in South India. Main article: Coimbatore and its people have a reputation for entrepreneurship. Though it is generally considered a traditional city, Coimbatore is diverse and cosmopolitan.

The was held in Coimbatore. The heavy industrialisation of the city has also resulted in the growth of trade unions. Language [ ] Tamil is the official language and (also called Kangee or Kongalam), a dialect, is predominantly spoken. Coimbatore also has a significant number of,, and, mainly. As per the 2001 census, the number of speakers by native language are as follows: Tamil (707,263) followed by (125,616), (46,645) and (30,195). During the 1970s the city witnessed a population explosion as a result of migration fuelled by increased economic growth and job opportunities.

Religion [ ]. 0.6% The city's population is predominantly with minor and population., and are also present in small numbers. According to the religious census of 2011, Coimbatore has 83.31% Hindus, 8.63% Muslims, 7.53% Christians, 0.28% Jains, 0.05% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists and 0.01% Others. 0.17% of the respondents did not state their religion. The festivals at the city's numerous temples are major events in summer.

Major Hindu temples in the city include the,,,,,,,,., temple,, and the 112-foot which is the world's tallest bust of Lord Shiva. The mosques on Oppanakara Street and Big Bazaar Street date back to the 18th century CE. Date back to the 17th century when permission was granted by the rulers to set up churches in the region. Sikh and Jain temples are also present in Coimbatore. See also: Coimbatore cuisine is predominantly with rice as its base.

Most local restaurants still retain their rural flavor, with many restaurants serving food over a banana leaf. Eating on a banana leaf is an old custom and imparts a unique flavor to the food and is considered healthy., and cuisines are also available.,, and are popular dishes. Coimbatore has an active street food culture and various cuisine options for dining. Arisi Paruppu Sadam, made from a mixture of dal and rice is a recipe that existed from fourth century CE and unique to the area.

Kaalaan is a popular dish prepared by simmering deep fried mushrooms (usually chopped mushroom) in a spicy broth, until it reaches a porridge like consistency and served sprinkled with chopped onions and coriander leaves. Arts [ ], who had built the first cinema of in Coimbatore, introduced the concept of Tent Cinema in which a tent was erected on an open land to screen the films. Was set up in 1935 while established in 1945. The city conducts its own music festival every year. Art, dance and music concerts are held annually during the months of September and December (Tamil calendar month – Margazhi). Coimbatore also houses a number of museums and art galleries like, H A, Government Museum, Kadhi Gandhi Gallery and Kasthuri Srinivasan Art Gallery and Textile Museum. Transport [ ].

An intra-city bus operated by Air [ ] The city is served by the at 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city centre. The airport commenced operations in 1940 as a civil aerodrome with operating, and later aircraft. The then declared the 's intention to upgrade the Coimbatore Airport to International status in a meeting with senior ministers on 6 June 2012 and it was granted the status of international airport by the Union Cabinet on 2 October 2012. The airport is operated by and caters to domestic flights to major Indian cities and international flights to, and. As of 2014 -15, the airport was the airport in India in terms of total aircraft movement, 18th largest in terms of passengers handled and 13th largest in terms of cargo handled. It has a single runway, which is 9,760 feet (2,970 m) in length and is capable of handling large aircraft., a private airline commenced its operations in 2016 with the Coimbatore International Airport as its hub., located at is an air base operated by the and accommodates heavy air lifter aircraft, transport helicopters and the helicopters of the.

The first squadron of ingeniously built will be inducted at Sulur AFS and aircraft will be stationed at the base by 2016. Main article: Train service in Coimbatore started in 1861, upon the construction of the – line connecting Kerala and the west coast with the rest of India. Coimbatore lies on the and the city falls under the of the of. The major railway station is the which is the second-largest income generating station in the Southern Railway zone after and is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railways. Other major railway stations catering to the city include, and minor stations at,,,,, Somanur and Sulur.

Metro rail [ ]. Main article: In 2012, Coimbatore Municipal Corporation proposed three rail routes. The first circular route was planned to connect with,,,, Townhall and City Railway Station. The second circular route will connect Podanur with Trichy Road, Sungam, Redfields, Race Course, City Railway Station and Ukkadam. A linear line was proposed from Chinniampalayam to via airport, CODISSIA,,, Gandhipuram, Coimbatore North Junction and Cowley Brown Road.

And were included in the linear line as part of the phase extension. In 2017, the government of Tamil Nadu announced that feasibility study for the metro will be conducted by Chennai Metro Rail corporation and will be funded partly.

Road [ ] There are six major arterial roads in the city:, Trichy road, Sathy road, Mettupalayam road, Palakkad road and Pollachi road. Is a series of connecting the various and passing through and originating from Coimbatore. The first section of the bypass, a 28-kilometre (17 mi) stretch from Neelambur to Madukkarai on opened for traffic in 2000.

It was the first road privatisation project to be implemented on a model in South India. In 2008, the State Highways department came up with a proposal to create a to help de-congest the main arterial roads and the 12 km road would extend from Peelamedu to Mettupalayam road. In 2011, the announced the construction of two new flyovers at Ukkadam and Athupalam to help de-congest the Palakkad Road. In 2012, the decided in favour of an eastern road that connected Mettupalayam Road with Avinashi Road and the existing bypass. The city municipal corporation is undertaking the construction of six rail-over-bridges in the city. There are five passing through the city: Highway Number Destination Via,,,,,,,, Apart from State and National Highways, the city corporation maintains a 635.32 kilometres (394.77 miles) long road network.

Bus [ ] Town buses started operating in 1921 and serve most parts of the city, as well as other towns and villages in the district. The number of inter-city routes operated by Coimbatore division is 119 with a fleet of more than 500 buses. It also operates town buses on 257 intra-city routes. The intra-city buses operate from major bus stations in,, and to other parts across the city. Inter-city and intra-city buses that connect Coimbatore operate from different bus stands: Location Bus Station Destinations Gandhipuram Central,,,, SETC,,,,,, Omni Bus Stand Private mofussil buses Singanallur Singanallur,,,, Ukkadam Ukkadam,,, Mettupalayam Road Coimbatore North,,, is a proposed bus rapid transit project under the scheme of the Government of India.

It is planned along a 27.6 kilometres (17.1 mi) stretch connecting Avinashi road and Mettupalayam road. The city is also served by and radio taxi services. Coimbatore has four viz.

TN 37 (South), TN 38 (North), TN 66 (Central), TN 99 (West). Education [ ]. See also: Coimbatore is a major educational hub. The first college of Coimbatore,, was opened in 1875.

The first engineering college in the city, the Arthur Hope College of Technology (now known as the ), was started by G.D. Naidu in 1945 followed later by private engineering colleges and in the 1950s. The, established in 1949, is the oldest training institute of the Indian Air Force. Was opened in 1966 and also city has another Government run ESIC Medical College. The started functioning from 1978. The agricultural school established in 1868 was converted into a full-fledged agricultural university Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in 1971 and the was opened in 1990. As of 2010, the district is home to seven universities, 78 engineering colleges, 3 medical colleges, 2 dental colleges, 35 polytechnics and 150 arts and science colleges.

The city houses three government run universities,, and four private universities. The city houses Government research institutes including the,,, and Tamil Nadu Institute of Urban Studies. In 2008, Government of India announced a plan to establish a world class university in the region. Three types of schools operate in Coimbatore: government run schools, schools funded by the government but run by private trusts (aided schools) and schools funded completely by private trusts. Schools may follow Tamil Nadu Anglo Indian School Board,, or syllabus. The city falls under the purview of Coimbatore Education District. In 2013, 45,863 students appeared for SSLC examinations and the pass percentage was 94.12%.

Utility services [ ] Media [ ]. See also: Four major English newspapers,, and bring out editions from the city., a business newspaper also brings out a Coimbatore edition. Tamil newspapers which have Coimbatore editions include,,,, and (both evening newspapers). Two newspapers – and also have considerable circulation in the city. Is headquartered in Coimbatore. A station is operated by, with programs in Tamil, English and Hindi. Five stations operate from Coimbatore – Rainbow FM,,, and.

All these private radio stations air exclusively based programs, including film music. Television relay started in 1985 from Delhi and in 1986, after inception of the repeater tower at, telecast from Madras commenced. In 2005, Doordarshan opened its studio in Coimbatore. Television services are accessible through or digital cable.

Telecommunication [ ] Coimbatore has a well-connected communications infrastructure. Till the 1990s the state owned (BSNL) was the only telecommunication service provider in the city. In the 1990s, private telecom companies too started offering their services. As of 2010,,, and offer broadband service and fixed line services. Offers mobile broadband services. Cellular telephony was first introduced in 1997 and mobile telephone services available.

Coimbatore is the headquarters of the Tamil Nadu circle of cellular service providers. Healthcare [ ] As of 2010, the size of the health care industry in Coimbatore is estimated at ₹1,500 crore (US$230 million). There are around 750 hospitals in the city with an in-patient capacity of 5,000 beds.

The first health care centre in the city was started in 1909. In 1969, it was upgraded to Coimbatore Medical College Hospital and also city has government run ESI Hospital, which was renovated recently at Rs.520 crore with 500 beds. A government run tertiary care hospital with 1020 beds and provides free health care. The city corporation maintains 16 dispensaries and two maternity homes. People from nearby districts and the state of Kerala visit Coimbatore for medical tourism due to the availability of hospitals and healthcare facilities. Sports and recreation [ ]. Coimbatore is often referred to as the 'India's motorsports hub' and the 'Backyard of Indian Motorsports'.

Designed and built entry level race cars and the, a Formula 3 Category circuit is named after him. Tyre manufacturer assembles Formula Ford cars in Coimbatore in association with former F3 Champion and racing company designs Formula cars. Is another major event with rallies conducted in closed roads around Coimbatore., India's first driver hails from the city and other motorsport drivers from Coimbatore include and., built originally for football also hosts athletic meets. The stadium has been renovated with Korean grass for the field and a synthetic track around it for athletics.

Apart from the stadium, other sporting venues include the, an 18-hole golf course and, which is more than 100 years old. Coimbatore Flying Club is located in the Coimbatore airport premises.

The city hosts its own annual marathon called Coimbatore Marathon as an event to raise cancer awareness. Retired tennis player, who became the first Indian woman in the modern era to feature and win a round at a main draw in hails from Coimbatore. Coimbatore District Chess Association (CDCA), established in 1940 is the oldest chess association in the country. Recreation [ ]. • (PDF) (Report). Central Pollution Control Board, Govt of India. Retrieved 9 December 2017.

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